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LOCATIONS

Facts & figures

Location

North-eastern Europe on the shores of the Baltic Sea

Currency

Euro since 2015

International airports

Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga

Neighbours

Poland, Latvia, Russia, Belarus

Climate

Maritime/continental

Port

Klaipėda is an ice free port located in the north

Population

2, 986 million

Landscape

Pastoral with plains, forests and rolling hills

Roads

High grade and well developed road system throughout the country

Government

Parliamentary Republic

Coastline

99 km of sandy coastline, of which 38 km face the Baltic Sea

Religion

79% Roman Catholic. Other: Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Jewish, Muslim

Ethnic groups

83,9% Lithuanian, 6,6% Polish, 5,4% Russian, 1,3% Belorussian, 2,8% other

Time zone

GMT +2 (winter), GMT +3 (summer)

Area

66 200 sq. km 30% forests. 2, 830 lakes larger than 0,5 hectares, 18 rivers longer than 100 kilometres

Official language

Lithuanian. English and Russian spoken extensively, Polish in some areas

International membership

European Union, NATO, World Bank, World Trade Organization, Schengen Area

Capital

Vilnius was established in 1323. Population of 542,932. One of the largest Old Towns in Europe, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Curonian spit

98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that is surrounded by waters of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Lithuania and Russia

LOCATION

Northern Europe, on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea

CURRENCY

Euro since 2011

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu, Kuressaare

NEIGHBOURS

Latvia, Russia, Finland (across the Gulf of Finland)

CLIMATE

Maritime/continental

PORTS

Tallinn (the largest), Pärnu, Paldiski, and several smaller ports

POPULATION

1.3 million

LANDSCAPE

Flat terrain with forests, lakes, and over 2,000 islands

ROADS

Well-developed and high-quality road network

GOVERNMENT

Parliamentary Republic

COASTLINE

3,794 km, including islands

RELIGION

Predominantly secular. Minority religious groups include Lutheran, Orthodox, and Catholic communities

ETHNIC GROUPS

69% Estonian, 24% Russian, 2% Ukrainian, 1% Belarusian, 1% Finnish, 3% other

TIME ZONE

GMT +2 (winter), GMT +3 (summer)

AREA

45,227 sq. km | ~50% covered by forests | Over 1,400 lakes and 7,000 rivers

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Estonian. English, Russian, and Finnish are also widely spoken

INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP

European Union, NATO, Schengen Area, World Trade Organization

CAPITAL

Tallinn – established in the 13th century, population of ~440,000, home to one of Europe’s best-preserved medieval Old Towns, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

SAAREMAA & HIIUMAA

Largest Estonian islands, featuring unique landscapes, lighthouses, and historic windmills

LOCATION

Northern Europe, on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea

CURRENCY

Euro (€) since 2014

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

Riga International Airport

NEIGHBOURS

Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast

CLIMATE

Temperate maritime climate with four distinct seasons.

PORT

Riga Free Port is a significant ice-free port located in the capital city

POPULATION

Approximately 1.8 million

LANDSCAPE

Predominantly low-lying plains with rolling hills in the east; over half the country is forested

ROADS

Well-developed road network connecting major cities and regions

GOVERNMENT

Parliamentary Republic

COASTLINE

Approximately 500 km of sandy beaches along the Baltic Sea

RELIGION

Predominantly Christianity, with Lutheranism and Eastern Orthodoxy being the major denominations

ETHNIC GROUPS

62.7% Latvians, 24.5% Russians, 3.1% Belarusians, 2.2% Ukrainians, 2% Poles, and others

TIME ZONE

GMT +2 (winter), GMT +3 (summer)

AREA

64,589 sq. km; features over 12,000 rivers and 3,000 small lakes

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Latvian; Russian is also widely spoken

INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP

European Union, NATO, Schengen Area, United Nations, World Trade Organization.

CAPITAL

Riga, established in 1201; population of approximately 616,000

LOCATION

Southeastern Europe in the central Balkans

CURRENCY

Euro (adopted unilaterally, though Kosovo is not part of the Eurozone)

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

Pristina International Airport

NEIGHBOURS

Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia

CLIMATE

Combination of a continental and a mediterranean climate, with four distinct seasons

POPULATION

1,586,659

LANDSCAPE

Mountainous terrain with valleys, rivers, and rolling plains

ROADS

Developing and improving road infrastructure; key highways connect major cities and neighboring countries

GOVERNMENT

Parliamentary Republic

RELIGION

Predominantly Muslim (93.49%), with Orthodox (2.31%) and Catholic (1.75%) minorities

ETHNIC GROUPS

Majority Albanian (95%), with Bosniak (2%), Serb (1.5%), and other minorities

TIME ZONE

Central European Time (CET) GMT +1 (winter), GMT +2 (summer)

AREA

10,887 sq. km. Features include the Accursed Mountains (Bjeshkët e Nemuna), Sharr Mountains, and numerous rivers and lakes

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Albanian and Serbian. English is widely spoken, especially in urban areas

INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Not a UN member but recognized by over 100 countries

CAPITAL

Pristina is Kosovo's political, economic, and cultural center. Pristina has a population of approximately 227,466, making it the most populous city in Kosovo

CULTURAL HERITAGE

The Gračanica Monastery, a 14th-century Serbian Orthodox monastery near Pristina, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kosovo also features Ottoman-era architecture, mosques, and vibrant cultural festivals

LOCATION

Transcontinental country bridging Europe and Asia, bordered by eight countries and surrounded by the Aegean, Mediterranean, and Black Seas

CURRENCY

Turkish Lira (TRY)

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

Major hubs include Istanbul Airport (IST), Sabiha Gökçen Airport (SAW), Ankara Esenboğa Airport (ESB), Antalya Airport (AYT), and İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport (ADB)

NEIGHBOURS

Bulgaria; Greece to the west; Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran to the east; Georgia to the northeast; Syria to the south; and Iraq to the southeast

CLIMATE

Transitional between Mediterranean, Oceanic, and Continental climates. The climate zones observed are the Mediterranean Climate where summers are hot and dry and the winters are mild and rainy; the Black Sea Climate where summers are cool and winters are warm in the coastal area and snowy and cold at the higher parts; the Terrestrial Climate where temperature differences between summer and winter and day and night are large

POPULATION

Approximately 87 million

LANDSCAPE

Diverse geography with mountains, plains, forests, lakes, and coastlines. Features two of the world's most famous straits: Bosporus & Dardanelles

ROADS

Extensive and modern highway and motorway network connecting all major cities and regions

GOVERNMENT

Republican Parliamentary Democracy

RELIGION

Predominantly Islamic (Sunni & Alevi Muslim majority), with small Christian and Jewish communities

ETHNIC GROUPS

Majority Turkish, with significant Kurdish, Arab, Greek, Armenian, and Jewish communities

TIME ZONE

GMT +3 (Turkey Time, no daylight saving)

AREA

783,356 sq. km – Diverse terrain including mountains, plateaus, rivers, and fertile valleys

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Turkish. English is widely spoken in business and tourism, along with some Arabic, German, and Russian in touristic areas

INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP

NATO, G20, OECD, WTO, Council of Europe, Organization of Turkic States

CAPITAL

The capital of Turkey is Ankara, a major political and administrative hub, home to government institutions and a population of over 5.5 million people

CULTURAL HERITAGE

* 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Cappadocia, Ephesus, and Göbekli Tepe. * Home to ancient civilizations like Hittites, Byzantines, Ottomans. * Istanbul is the only city in the world spanning two continent

DISTANCES AND FLIGHTS BETWEEN VILNIUS & OTHER CITIES
DISTANCES AND FLIGHTS BETWEEN TALLINN & OTHER CITIES
DISTANCES AND FLIGHTS BETWEEN RIGA & OTHER CITIES
DISTANCES AND FLIGHTS BETWEEN PRISTINA & OTHER CITIES
DISTANCES AND FLIGHTS BETWEEN ISTANBUL & OTHER CITIES

City
Km
Time
Amsterdam
1367
2.20
Brussels
1470
2.35
Copenhagen
815
1.35
Dublin
2052
3.20
Frankfurt
1234
2.10
Helsinki
611
1.15
Kiev
589
1.55
London
1724
2.50
Milan
1535
2.00
Moscow
786
2.05
Oslo
1048
1.30
Paris
1697
3.10
Rome
1702
3.20
Vienna
950
2.05
City
Km
Time
Amsterdam
1476
2.35
Brussels
1596
2.35
Copenhagen
842
1.40
Dublin
2003
3.20
Frankfurt
1455
2.35
Helsinki
82
0.30
London
1784
3.05
Milan
1873
3.10
Oslo
787
1.30
Paris
1858
3.05
Rome
2125
3.15
Vienna
1369
2.25
City
Km
Time
Amsterdam
1330
2.25
Brussels
1438
2.30
Copenhagen
715
1.30
Dublin
1949
3.25
Frankfurt
1266
2.25
Helsinki
361
1.5
London
1676
3
Milan
1639
2.45
Oslo
831 
1.40
Paris
1676
2.50
Rome
1879 
3.05
Vienna
1101
2
City
Km
Time
AMSTERDAM
1635
3
BRUSSELS
1565
3.05
COPENHAGEN
1573
4.25
DUBLIN
2346
6.05
FRANKFURT
1265
2.25
HELSINKI
2000
3.25
LONDON
1876
3.30
MILAN
1041
2.05
OSLO
2045
3.25
PARIS
1600
4-5
ROME
730
4.20
VIENNA
719
1.45
City
Km
Time
Amsterdam
2212
3.45
Brussels
2146
3.35
Copenhagen
2021
3.30
Dublin
2931
4.45
Frankfurt
1866
3.20
Helsinki
2136
3.50
London
2500
4.15
Milan
1686
3
Oslo
2429
4.05
Paris
2255
3.50
Rome
1376
2.45
Vienna
1276
2.25

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

JANUARY 1

New Year's Day

MAY 1

Labour Day

NOVEMBER 1

All Saints' Day

FEBRUARY 16

Independence Day

JUNE 24

Feast of St. John (Midsummer)

DECEMBER 24

Christmas Eve

MARCH 11

Restoration of Independence Day

JULY 6

Coronation Day

DECEMBER 25,26

Christmas

BETWEEN MARCH & APRIL

Easter

AUGUST 15

Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

JANUARY 1

New Year's Day

FEBRUARY 24

Independence Day (National Day)

BETWEEN MARCH & APRIL

Good Friday

BETWEEN MARCH & APRIL

Easter Sunday

MAY 1

Spring Day (Labour Day)

BETWEEN MAY & JUNE

Pentecost (varies by year)

JUNE 23

Victory Day (Võidupüha)

JUNE 24

Midsummer Day (Jaanipäev)

AUGUST 20

Restoration of Independence Day

DECEMBER 24

Christmas Eve

DECEMBER 25

Christmas Day

DECEMBER 26

Second Christmas Day

JANUARY 1

New Year's Day

BETWEEN MARCH & APRIL

Good Friday

BETWEEN MARCH & APRIL

Easter Sunday

BETWEEN MARCH & APRIL

Easter Monday

MAY 1

Labour Day

MAY 4

Restoration of Independence Day

JUNE 23

Midsummer’s Eve

JUNE 24

Midsummer’s Day

NOVEMBER 18

Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia

DECEMBER 24

Christmas Eve

DECEMBER 25

Christmas Day

DECEMBER 26

Second Day of Christmas

JANUARY 1

New Year's Day

JANUARY 7

Orthodox Christmas Day

FEBRUARY 17

Independence Day

BETWEEN MARCH AND APRIL

Catholic Easter Monday

VARIES ANUALLY (in 2020’s falls between March and May)

Eid al-Fitr (marks the end of Ramadan)

MAY 1

Labour Day

BETWEEN APRIL AND MAY

Orthodox Easter Monday

MAY 9

Europe day

VARIES ANUALLY (in 2020’s falls between June and August)

Eid al-Adha

DECEMBER 25

Catholic Christmas Day

JANUARY 1

New Year's Day

BETWEEN LATE MARCH & EARLY JUNE

Ramadan Feast (After the end of the Islamic month Ramadan)

APRIL 23

National Sovereignty and Children's Day

MAY 1

Labour and Solidarity Day

MAY 19

Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day

JULY 15

Democracy and National Unity Day

BETWEEN MID-JUNE & MID-AUGUST

Sacrifice Feast (Begins on the 10th day of the Islamic month Dhu'l-Hijjah

AUGUST 30

Victory Day

OCTOBER 29

Republic Day

DECEMBER 31

New Years's Eve

MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°C) IN LITHUANIA
MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°C) IN ESTONIA
MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°C) IN LATVIA
MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°C) IN PRISTINA
MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°C) IN TURKEY

Month
Avg. High & Low
Avg. High & Low
January
-2 / -5
+12,6 (2007) -40,5 (1940)
February
-2 / -5
+16,5 (1990) -42,9 (1956)
March
+5 / -2
+21,8 (1968) -37,5 (1964)
April
+14 / 0
+28,8 (1950) -23 (1963)
May
+15 / +8
+34 (1892) -6,8 (1965)
June
+16.4 / +10
+37 (2011) -2,8 (1977)
July
+17.5 / +11
+37,5 (1994) +0,9 (1971)
August
+15 / +10
+36 (1992) -2,9 (1966)
September
+13 / +8
+32 (1992) -6,3 (1993)
October
+10 / +2
+26 (1985) -19,5 (1956)
November
+5 / 0
+18,5 (1968) -23 (1998)
December
+0.97 / -5
+15,6 (1982) -34 (1969)
Month
Avg. High & Low
Avg. High & Low
January
-2 / -5
9 / -31
February
-1 / -5
10 / -31
March
2 / -3
17 / -26
April
7 / 1
27 / -17
May
14 / 6
31 / -5
June
19 / 11
32 / -0.1
July
21 / 14
34 / 4
August
21 / 14
34 / 1
September
16 / 10
28 / -5
October
9 / 5
21 / -12
November
5 / 2
14 / - 21
December
1 / -3
12 / -32
Month
Avg. High & Low
Avg. High & Low
JANUARY
-2 / -6
10 / -35
FEBRUARY
-2 / -7
11 / -35
MARCH
3 / -2
17 / -32
APRIL
9 / 1
27 / -21
MAY
16 / 7
31 / -8
JUNE
20 / 11
34 / -1
JULY
21 / 13
34 / 3
AUGUST
20 / 13
33 / 1
SEPTEMBER
15 / 9
28 / -5
OCTOBER
11 / 5
20 / -13
NOVEMBER
4 / 1
14 / -24
DECEMBER
0 / -4
12 / -28
Month
Avg. High & Low
Avg. High & Low
JANUARY
3 / -5
15 / -29
FEBRUARY
8 / -2
19 / -21
MARCH
11 / 0
24 / -12
APRIL
15 / 4
27 / -8
MAY
21 / 9
32 / 1
JUNE
25 / 12
38 / 5
JULY
27 / 13
45 / 5
AUGUST
27 / 15
38 / 5
SEPTEMBER
23 / 10
33 / 0
OCTOBER
17 / 6
32 / -7
NOVEMBER
9 / 1
23 / -16
DECEMBER
4 / -3
18 / -20
Month
Avg. High & Low
Avg. High & Low
January
9 / 3
17 / -4
February
10 / 3
19 / -5
March
12 / 5
22 / -2
April
17 / 8
28 / 2
May
22 / 13
32 / 6
June
27 / 18
37 / 10
July
29 / 21
40 / 13
August
29 / 21
42 / 14
September
25 / 17
35 / 10
October
20 / 13
30 / 5
November
15 / 9
24 / -0.3
December
11 / 5
18 / -3

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